Unit 134 Phrasal Verbs 1 Introduction

 구(句)동사  1

  A

• 동사와 같이 구동사¹(phrasal verb)를 만드는 단어들:

  in out

  on off

  up down

  away back

  around through

  about along

  over forward

  by

• look out / get on / take off / run away 등이 구동사(phrasal verb)입니다.
  on/off/out 등을 동작을 나타내는 동사와 많이 사용합니다.

  get on	The bus was full. We couldn’t get on.
  drive off	A woman got into the car and drove off.
  come back	Sally is leaving tomorrow and coming back on Saturday.
  turn around	When I touched him on the shoulder, he turned around.

• 동사와 함께 사용하는 단어(on/off/out, etc.)로 특별한 의미를 갖는 동사가 많습니다.

  break down	Sorry I’m late. The car broke down. (= the car stopped working)
  take off	It was my first flight. I was nervous as the plane took off. (= went into the air)
  run out	We don’t have any more milk. We ran out. (= used it all)
  get along	My brother and I get along well. (= are friendly with each other)
  get by	My French isn’t very good, but it’s enough to get by. (= to manage)

• 구동사의 예는 Units 135-142 참조.

 § ¹ 이어(二語)동사라고 부르기도 하는 구동사는 ‘동사 + 부사/전치사’ 형태이며 ‘구동사 + 전치사’ 형태도 있습니다.
 § 동사에 따라서 자동사와 타동사의 의미가 다른 것도 있습니다.
  - The engine cut out and the car stopped.
  - I cut the picture out of the magazine.

  B

• 구동사 + 전치사(preposition) 구조:

  Phrasal Verb	Preposition
  run away	from	Why did you run away from me?
  keep up	with	You’re walking too fast. I can’t keep up with you.
  look up	at	We looked up at the plane as it flew above us.
  look forward	to	Are you looking forward to the weekend?
  get along	with	Do you get along with your boss?

  C

• 목적어를 취하는 구동사의 경우 두가지 형태가 가능합니다.

  I turned on

  the light.   object

  or

  I turned

  the light on.   object

• 목적어가 대명사(it/them/me/him, etc.)인 경우에는 한가지 형태로만 사용합니다.²
             I turned it on. (not I turned on it)
  예:
  • Could you fill out this form? / fill this form out?
• but They gave me a form and told me to fill it out. (not fill out it)
  • Don’t throw away this post card. / throw this post card away.
• but I want to keep this postcard, so don’t throw it away. (not throw away it)
  • I’m going to take off my shoes. / take my shoes off.
• but These shoes are uncomfortable. I’m goint to take them off. (not take off them)
  • Don’t wake up the baby. / wake the baby up.
• but The baby is asleep. Don’t wake her up. (not wake up her)

 § ² 목적어가 반드시 동사와 부사의 사이에 놓이는 경우도 있습니다.
  - I just couldn’t tell the twins apart. (not . . . tell apart the twins)
  catch out, hear out, order about, pull to, push to, shut up, stand up 등이 이와 같은 구동사입니다.
 § 목적어가 길어지게 되면 ‘동사 + 부사 + 목적어’의 형태로 사용합니다.
  - I had to clean the kitchen up. (or clean up the kitchen.) but I had to clean up the mess in the kitchen.

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