Unit 99 Adjectives and Adverbs 2 (well/fast/late, hard/hardly)

 형용사 / 부사  2

  A     Good/well

• 형용사 good 의 부사는 well 입니다.
  • Your English is good.  but  You speak English well.¹
  • Susan is a good pianist.  but  Susan plays the piano well.²
• dressed/known 등의 과거분사 수식은 well (not good)로 합니다.
      well dressed     well known     well educated     well paid
  • Gary’s father is a well known writer.
• well 을 형용사로 “건강한”의 의미로 사용할 수 있습니다.
  • “How are you today?”  “I’m very well, thanks.”

 § ¹ be 동사의 형용사 보어 good 와 동사 speak 를 수식하는 부사 well
 § ² 명사 pianist 를 수식하는 형용사 good 와 동사 play 를 수식하는 부사 well

  B     Fast/hard/late

• 형용사도 되고 부사도 될 수 있는 단어들입니다.

  Adjective Jack is a very fast runner. Kate is a hard worker. I was late.

  Adverb Jack can run very fast. Kate works hard. (not works hardly) I got up late this morning.

• lately = recently (요즈음, 최근에, 근래)
  • Have you seen Tom lately?

  C     Hardly

• hardly = very little, almost not (거의 …않다[하지 않다], 조금도[전혀] …않다)
  • Sarah wasn’t very friendly at the party. She hardly spoke to me.
    (= she spoke to me very little, almost not at all)
  • We’ve only met once or twice. We hardly know each other.
• hard 와 hardly 는 뜻이 전혀 같지 않습니다.
  • He tried hard to find a job, but he had no luck. (= 열심히 노력했다)
  • I’m not surprised he didn’t find a job. He hardly tried to find one. (= 거의 노력하지 않았다)
• hardly + any/anybody/anyone/anything/anywhere:
  • A: How much money have we got?
    B: Hardly any. (= very little, almost none)
  • These two cameras are very similar. There’s hardly any difference between them.
  • The results of the test were very bad. Hardly anybody in our class passed. (= very few students passed)
• 주의:
  • She said hardly anything.  or  She hardly said anything.
  • We’ve got hardly any money.  or  We’ve hardly got any money.
• can hardly do something = …하는 것은 거의 불가능하다.
  • Your writing is terrible. I can hardly read it. (= it is almost impossible to read it)
  • My leg was hurting me. I could hardly walk.
• hardly ever = almost never, 좀처럼 …않다.
  • I’m nearly always at home at night. I hardly ever go out.
• hardly 가 “확실히 아닌”을 뜻할 수 있습니다.
  • It’s hardly surprising that you’re tired. You haven’t slept for three days. (= it’s certainly not surprising)
  • The situaiton is serious, but it’s hardly a crisis. (= it’s certainly not a crisis)

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